• Bercier, M., Latimer, E., 2026. Measures of Disease Frequency for Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection and Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States Elephant Population from 2014 to 2024. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 57, 378–387. https://doi.org/10.1638/2025-0073
  • Farris, L., Watts, J., Pollet, J., Molter, C., Cannizzo, S., Wenninger, M., Heinz, J., Eddy, R., Emerson, J., Maddox, D., Ling, P.D., 2026. Evaluation of a multiantigen mRNA vaccine against EEHV1A in Asian elephants. J. Virol. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00388-26
  • Watts, J.R., Clinton, J.L.S., Pollet, J., Peng, R., Tan, J., Ling, P.D., 2026. Multi-Antigen Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) mRNA Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses in Mice (vol 12, 1429, 2024). Vaccines 14, 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050438
  • Wenninger, M., Farris, L., Heinz, J., Peng, R., Hayward, G.S., Watts, J., Pollet, J., Nollman, J., Ling, P.D., 2026. First evidence of clinical protection from an EEHV1A mRNA vaccine in naturally infected juvenile elephants. J. Virol. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02186-25
  • Wheelahan, J.W., Vaz, P.K., Legione, A.R., Hartley, C.A., Rourke, N.L., Lynch, M., McMeekin, B., Dobson, E.C., Devlin, J.M., 2026. Virological investigation and comparative genomic analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1B infection in an Australian captive herd of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). PLoS One 21, e0345964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345964
  • Ackermann, M., Kubacki, J., Heaggans, S., Hayward, G.S., Lechmann, J., 2025. Epidemiological, serological, and viral genomic analysis of an outbreak of elephant hemorrhagic disease in Switzerland. PLOS ONE 20, e0301247. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301247
  • Haycock, J., Maehr, T., Dastjerdi, A., Steinbach, F., 2025. Asian elephant interferons alpha and beta and their anti-herpes viral activity. Front. Immunol. 16, 1533038. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533038
  • Hoornweg, T.E., Schaftenaar, W., Ijzer, J., Mulder, M.M.P., Lugtenburg, M., Van Beest, A., De Haan, C.A.M., Rutten, V.P.M.G., 2025. Elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus – hemorrhagic disease cases suggest an excessive proinflammatory cytokine response contributes to pathogenesis. Front. Immunol. 16, 1645752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1645752
  • Knueppel, S., Balfanz, F., Riedel, C., Strauss, V., Hoornweg, T.E., Dimmel, K., Walk, K., Kuebber-Heiss, A., Posautz, A., Voracek, T., Abdelgawad, A., Trimpert, J., Hering-Hagenbeck, S., Ruemenapf, T., Auer, A., 2025. Severe Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 6 Associated Disease in Two African Elephants Under Human Care in Austria. Animals 15, 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101482
  • Landolfi, J.A., Howard, L., Ling, P., 2025. Tissue and cellular tropism of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV)1A in hemorrhagic disease. PLoS One 20, e0330631. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330631
  • Maehr, T., Lopez, J., Drake, G., Ferreira, F.M., Fraser, R., Mckown, R., Kailath, R., Morris, S., Chambers, A., Graves, L.P., Walker, S.L., Dastjerdi, A., Edwards, K.L., Nakaya, H.I., Steinbach, F., 2025. A safe, T cell-inducing heterologous vaccine against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in a proof-of-concept study. Nat. Commun. 16, 8374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64004-x
  • Sharma, K., Balaji, K.G.S., Sharma, G.K., Pawde, A.M., Mahajan, S., Agrawal, R., Janmeda, P., Mathesh, K., 2025. Targeted enrichment of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus for complete genome sequencing in elephants. Journal of Virological Methods 338, 115230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115230
  • Sittisak, T., Guntawang, T., Srivorakul, S., Photichai, K., Muenthaisong, A., Rittipornlertrak, A., Kochagul, V., Khamluang, N., Sthitmatee, N., Chuammitri, P., Thitaram, C., Hsu, W.-L., Pringproa, K., 2025. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus glycoprotein B (EEHV-gB) subunit vaccines in a mouse model. Acta Tropica 263, 107571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107571
  • Willis, T.J., Burgdorf-Moisuk, A., Connolly, M., Raines, J., Ratliff, C., Gyimesi, Z.S., Lipanovich, E., Dumonceaux, G.A., Perrin, K.L., Howard, L.L., Kinney, M.E., Suedmeyer, K., Latimer, E., Kim, T.L., Watts, J.R., Tan, J., Ling, P., 2025. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 2 infection in 5 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at multiple North American zoological institutions. Am. J. Vet. Res. 86, 0060. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.02.0060
  • Xu, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., 2025. A duplex real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for simultaneous detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus types 1 and 5. Front. Vet. Sci. 12, 1651182. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1651182
  • Anderson KB, Steeil JC, Latimer E, Hall V, Hayek LC, Brandão J. Changes in serum cardiac troponin I in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus infection. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Jun;53(2):249-258. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0003
  • Abdelgawad, A., Nascimento, M., Prahl, A., Fluegger, M., Szentiks, C.A., Holtze, S., Hildebrandt, T.B., Trimpert, J., 2024. Fatal infection caused by a genetically distinct elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 5 in a captive Asian elephant in Germany. Virol. J. 21, 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02477-w
  • Boonprasert, K., Srivorakul, S., Monchaivanakit, N., Langkaphin, W., Sripiboon, S., Janyamethakul, T., Srisa-ad, C., Guntawang, T., Brown, J.L., Thitaram, C., Pringproa, K., 2024. Characterizations of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Type 1A and 4 Co-Infections in Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Calves. Vet. Sci. 11, 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040147
  • Clinton, J.L.S., Hoornweg, T.E., Tan, J., Peng, R., Schaftenaar, W., Rutten, V.P.M.G., de Haan, C.A.M., Ling, P.D., 2024. The EEHV1A gH/gL complex elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Vaccine 42, 126227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126227
  • Kittisirikul, N., Bangkaew, N., Phimpraphai, W., Sripiboon, S., 2024. Unlocking insights: Mahout’s perceptions and practices in managing Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) infection among captive Asian elephants in Surin province, Thailand. PLoS One 19, e0295869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295869
  • Fayette, M.A., Minich, D.J., Sylvester, H., Latimer, E., 2024. First Detection of Clinical Disease Due to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 7a in Two African Elephants (loxodonta Africana) in Human Care. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 55, 290–294. https://doi.org/10.1638/2023-0034
  • Hoornweg, T.E., Schaftenaar, W., Rutten, V.P.M.G., de Haan, C.A.M., 2024. Low gH/gL (Sub)Species-Specific Antibody Levels Indicate Elephants at Risk of Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Hemorrhagic Disease. Viruses 16, 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16020268
  • Sharma, K., Mathesh, K., Janmeda, P., Nautiyal, S., Lakshmi, P.S., Subash, A., Mahajan, S., Agrawal, R., Pawde, A.M., Sharma, G.K., 2024. Production and characterization of biologicals for disease diagnosis and pathological evaluation of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV). J. Virol. Methods 329, 114970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114970
  • Sylvester, H., Raines, J., Burgdorf-Moisuk, A., Connolly, M., Wilson, S., Ripple, L., Rivera, S., McCain, S., Latimer, E., 2024. Selected Instances of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Shedding in Trunk Secretions by African Elephants (loxodonta Africana) in Comparison to Shedding by Asian Elephants (elephas Maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 55, 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1638/2022-0046
  • Takehana, K., Hoornweg, T.E., Schaftenaar, W., Rutten, V.P.G.M., De Haan, C.A.M., Matsuno, K., 2024. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus gB-specific antibody levels in sera of Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) in Japanese zoos. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 86, 1279–1283. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.23-0503
  • Kosaruk, W., Brown, J.L., Towiboon, P., Pringproa, K., Punyapornwithaya, V., Tankaew, P., Kittisirikul, N., Toonrongchang, W., Janyamathakul, T., Muanghong, P., Thitaram, C., 2023. Seasonal patterns of oxidative stress markers in captive Asian elephants in Thailand and relationships to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus shedding. Front. Vet. Sci. 10, 1263775. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1263775
  • Sittisak, T., Guntawang, T., Srivorakul, S., Photichai, K., Boonprasert, K., Khammesri, S., Chuammitri, P., Thitaram, C., Hsu, W.-L., Thanawongnuwech, R., Pringproa, K., 2023. Response of elephant peripheral blood mononuclear cells when stimulated with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus glycoprotein B (EEHV-gB). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 258, 110577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110577
  • Takehana, K., Matsuno, K., 2023. Direct detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 (EEHV1) DNA in heparinized plasma by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 85, 459–462. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.22-0578
  • Cook KA, Ling PD, Terio KA, Baumgartner WA, Howard LL, Landolfi JA. DETECTION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS 1A IN ARCHIVAL TISSUE USING RNASCOPE® IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. J. of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2023;53(4):661-669. https://doi.org/10.1638/2022-0042
  • Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Srivorakul S, Photichai K, Aiumurai P, Thitaram C, Sthitmatee N, Hsu WL, Sookrung N, Pringproa K. Development of an immunochromatographic strip test for antigen detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Virological Methods. 2023 Jan 1;311:114627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114627
  • Kerr TJ, van Heerden J, Goosen WJ, Kleynhans L, Buss PE, Latimer E, Miller MA. DETECTION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS (EEHV) IN FREE-RANGING AFRICAN ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA. J Wildl Dis. 2023 Jan 1;59(1):128-137. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-22-00015.
  • Lakshmi PS, Karikalan M, Sharma GK, Sharma K, Mohan SC, Kumar KR, Miachieo K, Kumar A, Gupta MK, Verma RK, Sahoo N, Saikumar G, Pawde AM. Pathological and molecular studies on elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease among captive and free-range Asian elephants in India. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2023 Feb 1;175:105972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105972

Publications from 1971 through 2018 found here.  Select appropriate tab above for the document within the specific date(s).

  • Anderson KB, Steeil JC, Latimer E, Hall V, Hayek LC, Brandão J. Changes in serum cardiac troponin I in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus infection. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Jun;53(2):249-258. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0003
  • Costa T, Rocchigiani G, Zendri F, Drake G, Lopez J, Chantrey J, Ricci E. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 and Clostridium perfringens Type C Fatal Co-Infection in an Adult Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Animals. 2022 Jan 31;12(3):349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030349. PMID: 35158672
  • Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Tankaew P, Thitaram C, Langkapin V, Angkawanish T, Singhla T, Sthitmatee N, Hsu WL, Thanawongnuwech, R.; et al. Development of Nonstructural Protein-Based Indirect ELISA to Identify Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infection in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus). Animals 2022, 12, 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12141747
  • Hoornweg TE, Perera VP, Karunarathne RNS, Schaftenaar W, Mahakapuge TAN, Kalupahana AW, Rutten VPMG, de Haan CAM. Young elephants in a large herd maintain high levels of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-specific antibodies and do not succumb to fatal hemorrhagic disease. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Jun 27;69(5):e3379-e3385. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14644. PMID: 35757981
  • Iyer ML, Molter CM, Flanagan JP, Bauer KL, Bernardy R, Hoffman D, Parkinson L, Brainard BM, Evans TS, Pursell T, Ling PD. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1A hemorrhagic disease in a captive juvenile Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Mar 11;53(1):232-240. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0096. PMID: 3533917
  • Jesus SA, Schmidt A, Fickel J, Doherr MG, Boonprasert K, Thitaram C, Sariya L, Ratanakron P, Hildebrandt TB. Assessing Coagulation Parameters in Healthy Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) from European and Thai Populations. Animals. 2022 Feb 2;12(3):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030361. PMID: 35158684
  • Khammesri S, Ampasavate C, Hongwiset D, Mektrirat R, Sangsrijan S, Brown JL, Thitaram C. Pharmacokinetics and analytical determination of acyclovir in Asian elephant calves (Elephas maximus). Veterinary and Animal Science. 2022 Mar 1;15:100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2021.100227. PMID: 35024493
  • Perrin K, Lopez J, Molenaar F, Titus SE, Trimpert J, Abdelgawad A, Clauss M, Schiffman C. Current surveillance practices for shedding of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses in breeding and bachelor Asian elephant Elephas maximus herds in Europe. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 2022 Oct 31;10(4):183-187. https://doi.org/10.19227/jzar.v10i4.665
  • Pursell T, Spencer Clinton JL, Tan J, Peng R, Ling PD. Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing EEHV1A glycoprotein B elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 21;17(3):e0265424. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265424. PMID: 35312707
  • Spencer Clinton JL, Hoornweg TE, Tan J, Peng R, Schaftenaar W, Rutten VPMG, de Haan CAM, Ling PD. EEHV1A glycoprotein B subunit vaccine elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Vaccine. 2022 Aug 19;40(35):5131-5140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.016
  • Titus SE, Patterson S, Prince-Wright J, Dastjerdi A, Molenaar FM. Effects of between and within Herd Moves on Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Recrudescence and Shedding in Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus). Viruses. 2022 Jan 24;14(2):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020229. PMID: 35215824
  • Yang N, Bao M, Zhu B, Shen Q, Guo X, Li W, Tang R, Zhu D, Tang Y, Phalen DN, Zhang L. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1, 4 and 5 in China: Occurrence in Multiple Sample Types and Implications for Wild and Captive Population Surveillance. Viruses. 2022 Feb 17;14(2):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020411. PMID: 35216004
  • Ziegner KE, Sadar MJ, Brandão J, Rao S, Ward E, Thepapichaikul W, DiGeronimo PM. Point-of-care and standard laboratory reference intervals for coagulation values in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): variation by age class, sex, and time to centrifugation. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Jun;53(2):291-301. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0057
  • Boonprasert K, Yun Y, Kosaruk W, Towiboon P, Tankaew P, Punyapornwithaya V, Janyamathakul T, Muanghong P, Brown JL, Thitaram C, Somgird C. A Longitudinal Study of Hematology and Stress Biomarker Profiles in Young Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus) in Relation to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) in Thailand. Animals. 2021; 11(9):2530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092530. PMID: 34573496
  • Common SM, Yun Y, Silva‐Fletcher A, Thitaram C, Janyamethakul T, Khammesri S, Molenaar FM. Developing a non-invasive method of detecting elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infections using faecal samples. Veterinary Record. 2021 Sep 2;190(2):e833. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.833. PMID: 34472109
  • Edwards KL, Latimer EM, Siegal-Willott J, Kiso W, Padilla LR, Sanchez CR, Schmitt D, Brown JL. Patterns of serum immune biomarkers during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus viremia in Asian and African elephants. PloS one. 2021 Nov 18;16(11):e0252175. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252175. PMID: 3479345
  • Fayette MA, Brenner EE, Garner MM, Bowman MR, Latimer E, Proudfoot JS. Acute hemorrhagic disease due to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 3A infection in five African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at one North American zoological institution. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2021 Apr;52(1):357-365. https://doi.org/10.1638/2020-0126. PMID: 33827199
  • Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Kochagul V, Srivorakul S, Photichai K, Boonsri K, Janyamethakul T, Boonprasert K, Langkaphin W, Thitaram C, Pringproa K. Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic disease caused by elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Scientific reports. 2021 Jun 21;11(1):12998. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8
  • Jesus SA, Doherr MG, Hildebrandt TB. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Impact in the European Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Population: Are Hereditability and Zoo-Associated Factors Linked with Mortality? Animals. 2021 Sep 27;11(10):2816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102816. PMID: 34679837
  • Lee MH, Nathan SK, Benedict L, Nagalingam P, Latimer E, Hughes T, Ramirez D, Sukor JR. The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report. Virology Journal. 2021 Dec;18(1):231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01694-x. PMID: 34819101
  • Perrin KL, Kristensen AT, Bertelsen MF, Denk D. Retrospective review of 27 European cases of fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease reveals evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Scientific Reports. 2021 Jul 8;11(1):14173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93478-0
  • Pursell T, Spencer Clinton JL, Tan J, et al. Primary Infection May Be an Underlying Factor Contributing to Lethal Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 3 in African Elephants (Loxodonta africana). Microbiol Spectr. 2021;9(2):e00983-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.00983-21. PMID: 34668724
  • Sahoo N, Sahu SK, Das AK, Mohapatra D, Panda SK, Gupta SK, Behera BK, Pahari A, Dash M. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease outbreak in an Indian zoo. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2021 Dec;52(4):1286-1297. https://doi.org/10.1638/2020-0156. PMID: 34998302
  • Tollis M, Ferris E, Campbell MS, Harris VK, Rupp SM, Harrison TM, Kiso WK, Schmitt DL, Garner MM, Aktipis CA, Maley CC. Elephant genomes reveal accelerated evolution in mechanisms underlying disease defenses. Molecular biology and evolution. 2021 Sep;38(9):3606-3620. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab127. PMID: 33944920
  • Yun Y, Sripiboon S, Pringproa K, Chuammitri P, Punyapornwithaya V, Boonprasert K, Tankaew P, Angkawanish T, Namwongprom K, Arjkumpa O, Brown JL. Clinical characteristics of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) cases in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand during 2006–2019. Veterinary Quarterly. 2021 Dec 15;41(1):268-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2021.1980633. PMID: 34511026
  • Perrin KL, Nielsen SS, Martinussen T, and Mads F. Bertelsen MF. Quantification and risk factor analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease fatalities in Asian elephants Elephas maximus in Europe (1985–2017). JZAR, 9(1) 2021 10.19227/jzar.v9i1.553
  • Pearson VR, Bosse JB, Koyuncu OO, Scherer J, Toruno C, Robinson R, et al. (2021) Identification of African Elephant Polyomavirus in wild elephants and the creation of a vector expressing its viral tumor antigens to transform elephant primary cells. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0244334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244334
  • Prompiram P, Wiriyarat W, Bhusri B, Paungpin W, Jairak W, Sripiboon S, Wongtawan T. The occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus (EEHV) infection in wild and captive 1 Asian elephants in Thailand: Investigation from the evidence of viral DNA and host antibody. Vet World, in press.
  • Hoornweg,T.E, Schaftenaar W, Maurer G, van den Doel P.B, Molenaar F.M, Cha‐mouard‐Galante A, Vercammen F, Rutten, V.P.M.G, de Haan C.A.M. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Is Omnipresent in Elephants in European Zoos and an Asian Elephant Range Country. Viruses 2021, 13, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020283
  • Stremme C, Priadi A, Hayward GS, Zachariah A. Identification of two lethal cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease in Sumatran elephant calves in Indonesia. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2021 Jan;51(4):985-993. doi: 10.1638/2020-0003. PMID: 33480579. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine/volume-51/issue-4/2020-0003/IDENTIFICATION-OF-TWO-LETHAL-CASES-OF-ELEPHANT-ENDOTHELIOTROPIC-HERPESVIRUS-HEMORRHAGIC/10.1638/2020-0003.short
  • de Waal CR, Kleynhans L, Parsons SDC, Goosen WJ, Hausler G, Buss PE, Warren RM, van Helden PD, Landolfi JA, Miller MA, Kerr TJ. Development of a cytokine gene expression assay for the relative quantification of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) cell-mediated immune responses. Cytokine, Volume 141, 2021, 155453, ISSN 1043-4666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155453
  • Photichai, K., Guntawang, T., Sittisak, T., Kochagul, V., Chuammitri, P., Thitaram, C., Thananchai, H., Chewonarin, T., Sringarm, K. and Pringproa, K., (2020). Attempt to Isolate Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Using a Continuous Cell Culture System. Animals, 10(12), p.2328. DOI: 10.3390/ani10122328. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2328
  • Guntawang, T, Sittisak, T, Srivorakul, S, Kochagul, V, Photichai, K, Thitaram, C, … & Pringproa, K. (2020). In vivo characterization of target cells for acute elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-13.
  • Grenus, B. G., Latimer, E., Cullinane, A., Lyons, P., Creighton, G., & Nutter, F. B. (2020). Evaluation of the efficacy of two different sampling sites for the detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in three Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Ireland. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(2), 303-307. https://doi.org/10.1638/2018-0193
  • Molenaar, F., & Schaftenaar, W. (2020). Should we treat elephants with EEHV? The Veterinary Record, 186(7), 222.
  • Angkawanish, T. (2020). Infectious Diseases Management in Asian Elephant: TB and EEHV-HD (Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University).
  • Fuery, A., Pursell, T., Tan, J., Peng, R., Burbelo, P. D., Hayward, G. S., & Ling, P. (2019). Lethal hemorrhagic disease and clinical illness associated with the elephant EEHV1 virus are caused by primary infection: Implications for the detection of diagnostic proteins. Journal of Virology.
  • Jeffrey, A., Evans, T. S., Molter, C., Howard, L. L., Ling, P., Goldstein, T., & Gilardi, K. (2020). Noninvasive sampling for detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus and genomic dna in asian (elephas maximus) and african (loxodonta africana) elephants. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(2), 433-437.
  • Hengtrakul, P., Sudlapa, P., Chaisurat, N., Sodsaengthien, S., Chamnankij, C., Noimoon, S., … & Sripiboon, S. (2020). Biological and environmental factors associated with the detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 20-0309.
  • Hoornweg, T. E., Schaftenaar, W., Maurer, G., van den Doel, P. B., Molenaar, F. M., Chamouard-Galante, A., … & de Haan, C. A. (2020). Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus is omnipresent in elephants in European zoos and an Asian elephant range country. bioRxiv.
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  • Khammesri, S., Mathura, Y., Boonprasert, K., Ampasavate, C., Hongwiset, D., Brown, J. L., & Thitaram, C. (2020). Case report: successful treatment of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calf by oral acyclovir medication. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 20-0375.
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