EEHV Publications and References

Please send pdfs or reference information for EEHV-related publications to [email protected]

Publications:  2023

• Cook KA, Ling PD, Terio KA, Baumgartner WA, Howard LL, Landolfi JA. DETECTION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS 1A IN ARCHIVAL TISSUE USING RNASCOPE® IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. J. of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2023;53(4):661-669. https://doi.org/10.1638/2022-0042

• Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Srivorakul S, Photichai K, Aiumurai P, Thitaram C, Sthitmatee N, Hsu WL, Sookrung N, Pringproa K. Development of an immunochromatographic strip test for antigen detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Virological Methods. 2023 Jan 1;311:114627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114627

• Kerr TJ, van Heerden J, Goosen WJ, Kleynhans L, Buss PE, Latimer E, Miller MA. DETECTION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS (EEHV) IN FREE-RANGING AFRICAN ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA. J Wildl Dis. 2023.

• Lakshmi PS, Karikalan M, Sharma GK, Sharma K, Mohan SC, Kumar KR, Miachieo K, Kumar A, Gupta MK, Verma RK, Sahoo N, Saikumar G, Pawde AM. Pathological and molecular studies on elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease among captive and free-range Asian elephants in India. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2023 Feb 1;175:105972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105972

Publications:  2022

• Anderson KB, Steeil JC, Latimer E, Hall V, Hayek LC, Brandão J. Changes in serum cardiac troponin I in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus infection. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Jun;53(2):249-258. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0003

• Costa T, Rocchigiani G, Zendri F, Drake G, Lopez J, Chantrey J, Ricci E. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 and Clostridium perfringens Type C Fatal Co-Infection in an Adult Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Animals. 2022 Jan 31;12(3):349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030349. PMID: 35158672

• Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Tankaew P, Thitaram C, Langkapin V, Angkawanish T, Singhla T, Sthitmatee N, Hsu WL, Thanawongnuwech, R.; et al. Development of Nonstructural Protein-Based Indirect ELISA to Identify Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infection in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus). Animals 2022, 12, 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12141747

• Hoornweg TE, Perera VP, Karunarathne RNS, Schaftenaar W, Mahakapuge TAN, Kalupahana AW, Rutten VPMG, de Haan CAM. Young elephants in a large herd maintain high levels of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-specific antibodies and do not succumb to fatal hemorrhagic disease. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Jun 27;69(5):e3379-e3385. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14644. PMID: 35757981

• Iyer ML, Molter CM, Flanagan JP, Bauer KL, Bernardy R, Hoffman D, Parkinson L, Brainard BM, Evans TS, Pursell T, Ling PD. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1A hemorrhagic disease in a captive juvenile Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Mar 11;53(1):232-240. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0096. PMID: 3533917

• Jesus SA, Schmidt A, Fickel J, Doherr MG, Boonprasert K, Thitaram C, Sariya L, Ratanakron P, Hildebrandt TB. Assessing Coagulation Parameters in Healthy Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) from European and Thai Populations. Animals. 2022 Feb 2;12(3):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030361. PMID: 35158684

• Khammesri S, Ampasavate C, Hongwiset D, Mektrirat R, Sangsrijan S, Brown JL, Thitaram C. Pharmacokinetics and analytical determination of acyclovir in Asian elephant calves (Elephas maximus). Veterinary and Animal Science. 2022 Mar 1;15:100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2021.100227. PMID: 35024493

• Perrin K, Lopez J, Molenaar F, Titus SE, Trimpert J, Abdelgawad A, Clauss M, Schiffman C. Current surveillance practices for shedding of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses in breeding and bachelor Asian elephant Elephas maximus herds in Europe. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 2022 Oct 31;10(4):183-187. https://doi.org/10.19227/jzar.v10i4.665

• Pursell T, Spencer Clinton JL, Tan J, Peng R, Ling PD. Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing EEHV1A glycoprotein B elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 21;17(3):e0265424. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265424. PMID: 35312707

• Spencer Clinton JL, Hoornweg TE, Tan J, Peng R, Schaftenaar W, Rutten VPMG, de Haan CAM, Ling PD. EEHV1A glycoprotein B subunit vaccine elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Vaccine. 2022 Aug 19;40(35):5131-5140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.016

• Titus SE, Patterson S, Prince-Wright J, Dastjerdi A, Molenaar FM. Effects of between and within Herd Moves on Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Recrudescence and Shedding in Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus). Viruses. 2022 Jan 24;14(2):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020229. PMID: 35215824

• Yang N, Bao M, Zhu B, Shen Q, Guo X, Li W, Tang R, Zhu D, Tang Y, Phalen DN, Zhang L. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1, 4 and 5 in China: Occurrence in Multiple Sample Types and Implications for Wild and Captive Population Surveillance. Viruses. 2022 Feb 17;14(2):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020411. PMID: 35216004

• Ziegner KE, Sadar MJ, Brandão J, Rao S, Ward E, Thepapichaikul W, DiGeronimo PM. Point-of-care and standard laboratory reference intervals for coagulation values in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): variation by age class, sex, and time to centrifugation. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2022 Jun;53(2):291-301. https://doi.org/10.1638/2021-0057

Publications:  2021

• Boonprasert K, Yun Y, Kosaruk W, Towiboon P, Tankaew P, Punyapornwithaya V, Janyamathakul T, Muanghong P, Brown JL, Thitaram C, Somgird C. A Longitudinal Study of Hematology and Stress Biomarker Profiles in Young Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus) in Relation to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) in Thailand. Animals. 2021; 11(9):2530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092530. PMID: 34573496

• Common SM, Yun Y, Silva‐Fletcher A, Thitaram C, Janyamethakul T, Khammesri S, Molenaar FM. Developing a non-invasive method of detecting elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infections using faecal samples. Veterinary Record. 2021 Sep 2;190(2):e833. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.833. PMID: 34472109

• Edwards KL, Latimer EM, Siegal-Willott J, Kiso W, Padilla LR, Sanchez CR, Schmitt D, Brown JL. Patterns of serum immune biomarkers during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus viremia in Asian and African elephants. PloS one. 2021 Nov 18;16(11):e0252175. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252175. PMID: 3479345

• Fayette MA, Brenner EE, Garner MM, Bowman MR, Latimer E, Proudfoot JS. Acute hemorrhagic disease due to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 3A infection in five African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at one North American zoological institution. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2021 Apr;52(1):357-365. https://doi.org/10.1638/2020-0126. PMID: 33827199

• Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Kochagul V, Srivorakul S, Photichai K, Boonsri K, Janyamethakul T, Boonprasert K, Langkaphin W, Thitaram C, Pringproa K. Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic disease caused by elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Scientific reports. 2021 Jun 21;11(1):12998. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8

• Jesus SA, Doherr MG, Hildebrandt TB. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Impact in the European Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Population: Are Hereditability and Zoo-Associated Factors Linked with Mortality? Animals. 2021 Sep 27;11(10):2816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102816. PMID: 34679837

• Lee MH, Nathan SK, Benedict L, Nagalingam P, Latimer E, Hughes T, Ramirez D, Sukor JR. The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report. Virology Journal. 2021 Dec;18(1):231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01694-x. PMID: 34819101

• Perrin KL, Kristensen AT, Bertelsen MF, Denk D. Retrospective review of 27 European cases of fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease reveals evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Scientific Reports. 2021 Jul 8;11(1):14173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93478-0

• Pursell T, Spencer Clinton JL, Tan J, et al. Primary Infection May Be an Underlying Factor Contributing to Lethal Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 3 in African Elephants (Loxodonta africana). Microbiol Spectr. 2021;9(2):e00983-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.00983-21. PMID: 34668724

• Sahoo N, Sahu SK, Das AK, Mohapatra D, Panda SK, Gupta SK, Behera BK, Pahari A, Dash M. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease outbreak in an Indian zoo. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2021 Dec;52(4):1286-1297. https://doi.org/10.1638/2020-0156. PMID: 34998302

• Tollis M, Ferris E, Campbell MS, Harris VK, Rupp SM, Harrison TM, Kiso WK, Schmitt DL, Garner MM, Aktipis CA, Maley CC. Elephant genomes reveal accelerated evolution in mechanisms underlying disease defenses. Molecular biology and evolution. 2021 Sep;38(9):3606-3620. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab127. PMID: 33944920

• Yun Y, Sripiboon S, Pringproa K, Chuammitri P, Punyapornwithaya V, Boonprasert K, Tankaew P, Angkawanish T, Namwongprom K, Arjkumpa O, Brown JL. Clinical characteristics of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) cases in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand during 2006–2019. Veterinary Quarterly. 2021 Dec 15;41(1):268-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2021.1980633. PMID: 34511026

• Perrin KL, Nielsen SS, Martinussen T, and Mads F. Bertelsen MF. Quantification and risk factor analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease fatalities in Asian elephants Elephas maximus in Europe (1985–2017). JZAR, 9(1) 2021 10.19227/jzar.v9i1.553

• Pearson VR, Bosse JB, Koyuncu OO, Scherer J, Toruno C, Robinson R, et al. (2021) Identification of African Elephant Polyomavirus in wild elephants and the creation of a vector expressing its viral tumor antigens to transform elephant primary cells. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0244334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244334

• Prompiram P, Wiriyarat W, Bhusri B, Paungpin W, Jairak W, Sripiboon S, Wongtawan T. The occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus (EEHV) infection in wild and captive 1 Asian elephants in Thailand: Investigation from the evidence of viral DNA and host antibody. Vet World, in press.

• Hoornweg,T.E, Schaftenaar W, Maurer G, van den Doel P.B, Molenaar F.M, Cha‐mouard‐Galante A, Vercammen F, Rutten, V.P.M.G, de Haan C.A.M. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Is Omnipresent in Elephants in European Zoos and an Asian Elephant Range Country. Viruses 2021, 13, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020283

• Stremme C, Priadi A, Hayward GS, Zachariah A. Identification of two lethal cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease in Sumatran elephant calves in Indonesia. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2021 Jan;51(4):985-993. doi: 10.1638/2020-0003. PMID: 33480579. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine/volume-51/issue-4/2020-0003/IDENTIFICATION-OF-TWO-LETHAL-CASES-OF-ELEPHANT-ENDOTHELIOTROPIC-HERPESVIRUS-HEMORRHAGIC/10.1638/2020-0003.short

• de Waal CR, Kleynhans L, Parsons SDC, Goosen WJ, Hausler G, Buss PE, Warren RM, van Helden PD, Landolfi JA, Miller MA, Kerr TJ. Development of a cytokine gene expression assay for the relative quantification of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) cell-mediated immune responses. Cytokine, Volume 141, 2021, 155453, ISSN 1043-4666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155453

Publications:  2020

• Photichai, K., Guntawang, T., Sittisak, T., Kochagul, V., Chuammitri, P., Thitaram, C., Thananchai, H., Chewonarin, T., Sringarm, K. and Pringproa, K., (2020). Attempt to Isolate Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Using a Continuous Cell Culture System. Animals, 10(12), p.2328. DOI: 10.3390/ani10122328. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2328

• Guntawang, T, Sittisak, T, Srivorakul, S, Kochagul, V, Photichai, K, Thitaram, C, … & Pringproa, K. (2020). In vivo characterization of target cells for acute elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-13.

• Grenus, B. G., Latimer, E., Cullinane, A., Lyons, P., Creighton, G., & Nutter, F. B. (2020). Evaluation of the efficacy of two different sampling sites for the detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in three Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Ireland. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(2), 303-307. https://doi.org/10.1638/2018-0193

• Molenaar, F., & Schaftenaar, W. (2020). Should we treat elephants with EEHV? The Veterinary Record, 186(7), 222.

• Angkawanish, T. (2020). Infectious Diseases Management in Asian Elephant: TB and EEHV-HD (Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University).

• Fuery, A., Pursell, T., Tan, J., Peng, R., Burbelo, P. D., Hayward, G. S., & Ling, P. (2019). Lethal hemorrhagic disease and clinical illness associated with the elephant EEHV1 virus are caused by primary infection: Implications for the detection of diagnostic proteins. Journal of Virology.

• Jeffrey, A., Evans, T. S., Molter, C., Howard, L. L., Ling, P., Goldstein, T., & Gilardi, K. (2020). Noninvasive sampling for detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus and genomic dna in asian (elephas maximus) and african (loxodonta africana) elephants. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(2), 433-437.

• Hengtrakul, P., Sudlapa, P., Chaisurat, N., Sodsaengthien, S., Chamnankij, C., Noimoon, S., … & Sripiboon, S. (2020). Biological and environmental factors associated with the detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 20-0309.

• Hoornweg, T. E., Schaftenaar, W., Maurer, G., van den Doel, P. B., Molenaar, F. M., Chamouard-Galante, A., … & de Haan, C. A. (2020). Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus is omnipresent in elephants in European zoos and an Asian elephant range country. bioRxiv.

• Sripiboon, S., Ditcham, W., Vaughan-Higgins, R., Jackson, B., Robertson, I., Thitaram, C., … & Warren, K. (2020). Subclinical infection of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus. Archives of Virology, 165(2), 397-401.

• Khammesri, S., Mathura, Y., Boonprasert, K., Ampasavate, C., Hongwiset, D., Brown, J. L., & Thitaram, C. (2020). Case report: successful treatment of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calf by oral acyclovir medication. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 20-0375.

• Oo, Z. M., Aung, Y. H., Aung, T. T., San, N., Tun, Z. M., Hayward, G. S., & Zachariah, A. (2020). Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Hemorrhagic Disease in Asian Elephant Calves in Logging Camps, Myanmar. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(1), 63.

• Drake, G. J., Haycock, J., Dastjerdi, A., Davies, H., & Lopez, F. J. (2020). Use of immunostimulants in the successful treatment of a clinical EEHV1A infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Veterinary Record Case Reports, 8(4), e001158.

Publications:  2019

• Rini, I. A. (2019). CONSERVED REGION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS (EEHV) BASED ON BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. PARTNER, 24(1), 933-938.

• Mahato, G., Sarma, K. K., Pathak, D. C., Barman, N. N., Gogoi, P., Dutta, M., & Basumatary, P. (2019). Endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam, India. Veterinary World, 12(11), 1790.

• Wissink-Argilaga, N., Dastjerdi, A., & Molenaar, F. M. (2019). Using in-house hematology to direct decision-making in the successful treatment and monitoring of a clinical and subsequently subclinical case of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1b. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 50(2), 498-502.

• Weissenberger, J. (2019). Les herpèsvirus endothéliotropes des éléphants et la maladie hémorragique aiguë chez l’éléphant d’Asie (Elephas maximus).

• Géza, H. D., Endre, S., Lilla, D., Ádám, D., Imre, B., & Gyula, B. Az elefántok endotheliotropikus herpeszvírusa

• Selvaraj, P. (2019). Molecular characterization and pathogenesis of equine and elephant herpesviruses (Doctoral dissertation).

• Swain, B., & Sahoo, N. (2019). Outbreak of Endotheliotropic Herpes Virus Infection in Elephant Population of Odisha India-A Wakeup Call. JOJ Wildlife & Biodiversity, 1(4), 106-107.

• Ackermann, M., Hatt, J. (2019) To treat or not to treat? Veterinary Record Case Reports 7: e000847. https://vetrecordcasereports.bmj.com/content/7/3/e000847.abstract

• Angkawanish T, Nielen M, Vernooij H, et al. Evidence of high EEHV antibody seroprevalence and spatial variation among captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand. Virol J. 2019;16(1):33. Published 2019 Mar 13. doi:10.1186/s12985-019-1142-8

• Bechert, U. S., Brown, J. L., Dierenfeld, E. S., Ling, P. D., Molter, C. M. and Schulte, B. A. (2019), Zoo elephant research: contributions to conservation of captive and free‐ranging species. Int. Zoo Yb.. doi:10.1111/izy.12211

• Boonprasert, K., Punyapornwithaya, V., Tankaew, P., Angkawanish, T., Sriphiboon, S., Titharam, C., … Somgird, C. (2019). Survival analysis of confirmed elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus cases in Thailand from 2006 – 2018. PloS one, 14(7), e0219288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219288

• Edwards KL, Miller MA, Carlstead K, Brown JL (2019) Relationships between housing and management factors and clinical health events in elephants in North American zoos. PLOS ONE 14(6): e0217774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217774

• Kalirathinam, U. K., Elangkovan, S. , Kawi, J. and Cabana, F. (2019), Sleep monitoring of an Asian elephant Elephas maximus calf at Night Safari, Singapore: testing whether sleep time is a significant predictor of cortisol or the onset of positive elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus viraemia. Int. Zoo Yb.. doi:10.1111/izy.12239

• Pavulraj, S.; Eschke, K.; Prahl, A.; Flügger, M.; Trimpert, J.; van den Doel, P.B.; Andreotti, S.; Kaessmeyer, S.; Osterrieder, N.; Azab, W. Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 396.

• Srivorakul S, Guntawang T, Kochagul V, Photichai K, Sittisak T, et al. (2019) Possible roles of monocytes/macrophages in response to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). PLOS ONE 14(9): e0222158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222158

• Takehana K, Kinjyo T, Nemoto M, Matsuno K. Rapid and sensitive detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 (EEHV1) in blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). J Vet Med Sci. 2019;81(3):504–507. doi:10.1292/jvms.18-0683

• Nathalie Wissink-Argilaga, Dastjerdi, A., & Molenaar, F. M. (2018). Using in-house hematology to direct decision-making in the successful treatment and monitoring of a clinical and subsequently subclinical case of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1b. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 50(2), 498-502. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1638/2018-0096

Publications:  2018

• Bennett, L. (2018). Epidemiology and molecular biology of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 in the asian elephant elephas maximus.

• ZACHARIAH A, SAJESH PK, BATHRACHALAM C, MEGHA M, PANDIYAN J, JISHNU M, KOBRAGADE RS, LONG SY, ZONG J-C, LATIMER EM, HEAGGANS SY AND HAYWARD GS. Extended Genotypic Evaluation and Comparison of Twenty-Two Cases of Lethal EEHV1 Hemorrhagic Disease in Wild and Captive Asian Elephants in India. PLoS ONE 2018 Aug 22:13(8):e0202438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202438 eCollection 2018.

• Bauer, K. L., Latimer, E., & Finnegan, M. (2018). Long-term, intermittent, low-level elephant
  endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1A viremia in a captive asian elephant calf. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 30(6), 917-919. doi:10.1177/1040638718803138 [doi]

• FERRARI G , LISCHER H, NEUKAMM J, RAYO E, BOREL N, POSPISCHIL A, RÜHLI F, BOUWMAN A AND CAMPANA MG. Assessing Metagenomic Signals Recovered from Lyuba, a 42,000-Year-Old Permafrost-Preserved Woolly Mammoth Calf. Genes · August 2018. DOI: 10.3390/genes9090436

• KOCHAKUL V, BOONSRI K, TIWANANTHAGORN S, SOMGIRD C, THITARAM C, AND PRINGPROA K. Development of in situ hybridization for detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Vol 30, Issue 4, pp. 628 – 632 May 7, 2018.

• KOCHAGUL V, SRIVORAKUL S, BOONSRI K, SOMGIRD C, STHITMATEE N, THITARAM C & PRINGPROA K. Production of antibody against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) unveils tissue tropisms and routes of viral transmission in EEHV-infected Asian elephants. Scientific Reports volume 8, Article number: 4675 (2018)

• Boonsri K, Somgird C, Noinafai P, Pringproa K, Janyamethakul T, Angkawanish T, Brown J,
  Tankaew P, Srivorakul S, Thitaram C “ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS INFECTION IN TWO ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) CALVES,” Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 49(1), 178-182, (1 March 2018)

• Fuery A, Leen AM, Peng R, Wong MC, Liu H, Ling PD. Asian Elephant T Cell Responses to
  Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus. J Virol. 2018;92(6):e01951-17. Published 2018 Feb 26. doi:10.1128/JVI.01951-17

• Perrin, K. L., Krogh, A. K., Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen, Howard, L., Bochsen, L., Kiso, W. K., et
  al. (2018). Thromboelastography in the healthy asian elephant (elephas maximus): Reference intervals and effects of storage. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 49(1), 54-63. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1638/2017-0179R.1

• AZAB W, OCHS A, OSTERRIEDER N, (2018) Subclinical infection of a young captive Asian elephant with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1. Arch Virol. 2018 Feb;163(2):495-500. doi: 10.1007/s00705-017-3628-2.

• KISHBAUGH JC, VALITUTTO MT, OBER JE, ZIMMERMAN DM, HOWARD LL, SCHMITT DL, SANCHEZ CR, MURRAY S. (2018) Do lyophilized platelets hold promise for treatment of hemorrhagic diseases in wild animals? JAVMA January 15, 2018, Vol. 252, No. 2, Pages 168-170

Publications:  2017

• Stacy NI, Isaza R, Wiedner E (2017) First report of changes in leukocyte morphology in
  response to inflammatory conditions in Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana). PLOS ONE 12(9): e0185277. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185277

• BHUSRI, B, SUKSAI, P, MONGKOLPHAN, C, TIYANUN, E, RATANAKORN, P, CHAICHOUN, K, SARIYA, L. Detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 4 in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand. Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017 Vol.47 No.1 pp.97-102 ref.16

• BOONSRI K, CHALEAMCHAT SOMGIRD C, NOINAFAI P, PRINGPROA K, JANYAMETHAKUL T, ANGKAWANISH T, BROWN J, TANKAEW P, SRIVORAKUL S, AND THITARAM C. Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Associated With Clostridium Perfringens Infection In Two Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus) Calves. 2017. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 49(1):178-18.

• SRIPIBOON S, ANGKAWANISH T, BOONPRASERT K, SOMBUTPUTORN P, LANGKAPHIN W, DITCHAM W, WARREN K. (2017) Successful Treatment of a Clinical Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection: The Dynamics of Viral Load, Genotype Analysis, and Treatment with Acyclovir. J Zoo Wild Med 2017 Dec;48(4):1254-1259. doi: 10.1638/2016-0141R1.1.

• BRONSON E, MCCLURE M, SOHL J, WIEDNER E, COX S, LATIMER EM, PEARSON VR, HAYWARD GS, FUERY A, LING PD. (2017) Epidemiologic Evaluation of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 3b Infection in an African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana). J Zoo Wild Med. 2017 Jun;48(2):335-343. doi: 10.1638/2016-0063R.1

• BHUSRI B, SUKSAI P, MONGKOLPHAN C, TIYANUN E, RATANAKOR, P, CHAICHOUN K, SARIYA, L. (2017) Detection of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 in Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 47, 1 (1), 97-102.

• LOPEZ J, VET M SC LD, HAYCOCK J, MCKENZIE A, SEILERN-MOY K, DASTJERDI A. (2017) Assessment of a lancet-and-swab blood sampling technique for surveillance of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection. J Zoo Wildl Med. pp 48(3):659-667.

• BARMAN NN, CHOUDHURY B, KUMAR V, KOUL M, GOGOI SM, KHATOON E, CHAKROBORTY A, BASUMATARY P, BARUA B, RAHMAN T, DAS SK, KUMAR S. (2017) Incidence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants in India. Vet Microbiol. pp: 208:159-163.
  BRONSON E, MCCLURE M, SOHL J, WIEDNER E, COX S, LATIMER EM, PEARSON VR, HAYWARD GS, FUERY A, LING PD. (2017) Epidemiologic evaluation of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 3b infection in an african elephant (loxodonta africana). J Zoo Wildl Med. pp: 48(2):335-343.

• ACKERMANN M, HATT JM, SCHETLE N, STEINMETZ H. (2017) Identification of shedders of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses among Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Switzerland. PLoS One; 12(5):e0176891.

Publications:  2016

• Pich, A., Nevitt, D., & Sanchez, C. (2016). KNOWING YOUR PLATELETS: THE ROLE OF
  PLATELETS IN ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS AND ROUTINE MONITORING METHOD TO AID IN EARLY DETECTION IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS (elephus maximus)

• DASTJERDI A, SEILERN-MOY K, DARPEL K, STEINBACH F, MOLENAAR F. Surviving and fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus-1A infections in juvenile Asian elephants – lessons learned and recommendations on anti-herpesviral therapy. (2016) BMC Vet Res; 12(1):178.

• PURSELL T, TAN J, PENG R, LING PD. (2016). Generation and validation of new quantitative real time PCR assays to detect elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses 1A, 1B, and 4. J Virol Methods; 237:138-142.

• SRIPIBOON S, JACKSON B, DITCHAM W, HOLYOAKE C, ROBERTSON I, THITARAM C, TANKAEW P, LETWATCHARASARAKUL P, WARREN K. (2016) Molecular characterisation and genetic variation of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus infection in captive young Asian elephants in Thailand. Infect Genet Evol. 44:487-94.

• Ling, P.D., Long, S.Y., Fuery, A., Peng, R.S., Heaggans S.Y., Qin, X., Worley, K.C., Duggan S., and G.S. Hayward. 2016. Complete Genome Sequence of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 (EEHV4): The first example of a GC-rich branch Proboscivirus. mSphere 1(3):e00081-15.

• Ling, P.D., Long, S.Y., Zong, JC, Heaggans S.Y., Ziang, Q., and G.S. Hayward. 2016. Comparison of the gene coding content and other unusual features of the GC-rich and AT-rich branch Probosciviruses. mSphere 1(3):e00091-16.

• Pursell, T., and Paul D. Ling. 2016. Generation and validation of new quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to detect elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1A, 1B, and 4. J. Virological Methods 237:138-142.

• REBECCA KENDALL, LAUREN HOWARD, NIC MASTERS, AND ROBYN GRANT, PHD, B.SC 2016. The Impact of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus on the Captive Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus) Population of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1995–2013). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47(2): 000–000.

• ANGELA FUERY, GEOFFREY R. BROWNING, JIE TAN, SIMON LONG, GARY S. HAYWARD, SHERRY K. COX, JOSEPH P. FLANAGAN, MARYANNE E. TOCIDLOWSKI, LAUREN L. HOWARD, AND PAUL D. LING. (2016) Clinical infection of captive Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus) with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: March 2016, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 311-318

• ANGELA FUERY, JIE TAN, RONGSHENG PENG, JOSEPH P. FLANAGAN, MARYANNE E. TOCIDLOWSKI,LAUREN L. HOWARD, AND PAUL D. LING (2016). Clinical infection of two captive Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus) with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1B. of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: March 2016, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 319-324.

• LONG, SIMON Y. LATIMER, ERIN M., HAYWARD, GARY S. (2016). Review of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses and Acute Hemorrhagic Disease.”>ILAR Journal 56.3 (2016): 283-296

• SEILERN-MOY, KATHARINA., DARPEL, KARIN., STEINBACH, FALKO., DASTJERDI, AKBAR. (2016). Distribution and load of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses in tissues from associated fatalities of Asian elephants. Virus research 220 (2016): 91-96

Publications:  2015

• ZONG, JIAN-CHAO., HEAGGANS, SIMON Y., LONG, SARAH Y., LATIMER, ERIN M., NOFS, SALLY A., BRONSON, ELLEN., CASARES, MIGUEL., FOURAKER, MICHAEL D., PEARSON, VIRGINIA R., RICHMAN, LAURA K., HAYWARD, GARY S. (2015).Detection of Quiescent Infections with Multiple Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses EEHV2, EEHV3, EEHV6 and EEHV7 within Lymphoid Lung Nodules or Lung and Spleen Tissue Samples from Five Asymptomatic Adult African Elephants.”>Journal of virology (2015): JVI-02936.

• SEILERN-MOY, KATHARINA., BERTELSE, MADS F., LEIFSSON, PALL S., PERRIN, KATHRYN L., HAYCOCK, JONATHAN., DASTJERDI, AKBAR. (2015). Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus-1 and 4 co-infection in a juvenile Asian elephant in Europe.” JMM Case Reports (2015).

• HOULDCORFT, CHARLOTTE J., BREUER, JUDITH. (2015). Tales from the crypt and coral reef: the successes and challenges of identifying new herpesviruses using metagenomics. Frontiers in microbiology 6 (2015).

• LAMGLAIT, BENJAMIN., JORIS, ANTOINE., ROMEY, AURORE., BAKKALI-KASSIMI, LABIB., LEMBERGER, KARIN. (2015). Fatal Encephalomyocarditis Virus infection in an African Savanna elephant (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) in a French zoo. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46.2 (2015): 393-396.

• LUNDIN, JOHN-FILIP. (2015). Serum Amyloid A as a possible marker of health and disease in non-domesticated mammals.

• KOTILA-ROW, ANNA. (2015). Detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian (Elephas maximus) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana)

• MILLER, DAVID., JACKSON, BRADFORD., RIDDLE, HEIDI S., STREMME, CHRISTOPHER., SCHMITT, DENNIS., MILLER, THADDEUS. (2015). Elephant (Elephas maximus) Health and Management in Asia: Variations in Veterinary Perspectives. Veterinary medicine international

• BENNETT, L., DUNHAM, S., YON, L., CHAPMAN, S., KENAGHAN, M., PURDIE, L., & TARLINTON, R. (2015). Longitudinal study of Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, indicates intermittent shedding of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy. Veterinary Record Open, 2(1), e000088.

• HUMPHREYS, A. F., TAN, J., PENG, R., BENTON, S. M., QIN, X., WORLEY, K. C., … & LING, P. D. (2015). Generation and Characterization of Antibodies against Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) IgG, IgM, and IgA. PloS one, 10(2), e0116318.

• VAN DEN DOEL PB, PRIETO VR, VAN ROSSUM-FIKKERT SE, SCHAFTENAAR W, LATIMER E, HOWARD L, CHAPMAN S, MASTERS N, OSTERHAUS ADME, LING PD, DASTJERDI A AND MARTINA B. A novel antigen capture ELISA for the specific detection of IgG antibodies to elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus. BMC Veterinary Research 2015, 11:203 doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0522-6

• ORTEGA J, CORPA JM, ORDEN JA, BLANCO J, CARBONELL MD, GERIQUE AC, LATIMER E, HAYWARD GS, ROEMMELT A, KRAEMER T, ROMEY A, KASSIMI LB, & CASARES M. Acute death associated with Citrobacter freundii infection in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). J Vet Diag Inv. July 25, 2015 doi:10.1177/1040638715596034

• LERTWATCHARASARAKUL, P., SANYATHITISEREE, P., THONGTIP, N., CHAROENPHAN, P., BOONYASART, B., MANEEWAN, N., & SONGSERM, T. (2015). Genetic Variant of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Detected from Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand from 2007 to 2013. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 45(1), 73.

Publications:  2014

• WIEDNER E. Proboscidea. In: Miller RE, Fowler ME. (eds.). Zoo and wild animal medicine, Volume 8. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier; 2014. p. 517–532. Google Scholar

• STANTON, JEFFREY J., NOFS, SALLY A., ZACHARIAH, ARUN., KALAIVANNAN, N., LING, PAUL D. (2014). Detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection among healthy Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in South India. Journal of wildlife diseases 50.2 (2014): 279-287

• DASTJERDI, AKBAR., ROBERT, CHRISTELLE., WATSON, MICK. (2014). Low coverage sequencing of two Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) genomes.”GigaScience 3.1″ (2014): 12.

• ISAZA, RAMIRO., WIEDNER, ELLEN., HISER, SARAH., CRAY, CAROLYN. (2014). Reference intervals for acute phase protein and serum protein electrophoresis values in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 26.5 (2014): 616-621.

• American Society for Microbiology. (2014). Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) poses a threat to African and Asian elephants

• RICHMAN, L.K., ZONG, J.C., LATIMER, E.M., LOCK, J., FLEISCHER, R.C., HEAGGANS, S.Y., & HAYWARD, G.S. (2014). Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses EEHV1A, EEHV1B, and EEHV2 from Cases of Hemmorhagic Disease are Highly Diverged from Other Mammalian Herpesviruses and May Form a New Subfamily. J. Virol, 88(23): 13523. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01673-14.

• ZONG, J.C., LATIMER, E.M., LONG, S.Y., RICHMAN, L.K., HEAGGANS, S.Y., & HAYWARD, G.S. (2014). Comparative Genome Analysis of Four Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses, EEHV3, EEHV4, EEHV5, and EEHV6, from Cases of Hemmorhagic Disease or Viremia. J. Virol, 88(23): 13547. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01675-14.

• PELLETT, P.E. (2014) Trunkloads of Viruses. J Virol, 88(23): 13520. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02359-14.

• BOUCHARD, B., XAYMOUNTRY, B., THONGTIP, N., LERTWATCHARASARAKUL, P., & WAJJWALKU, W. (2014). First reported case of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus infection in Laos. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 45(3), 704-707.

• WILKIE, G.S., DAVIDSON, A.J., KERR, K., STIDWORTHY, M.F., REDROBE, S., STEINBACH, F., DASTJERDI, A. (2014) First Fatality Associated with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 5 in an Asian Elephant: Pathological Findings and Complete Viral Genome Sequence. Nature/Scientific Reports 4, September 2014, Article number: 6299

• FURUSE, Y., DASTJERDI, A., SEILERN-MOY, K., STEINBACH, F., & CULLEN, B. R. (2014). Analysis of viral microRNA expression by elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1. Virology, 454, 102-108.

Publications:  2013

• GALL, ASTRID., ANNE PALSER. (2013). An elephantine viral problem. Nature Reviews Microbiology 11.8 (2013): 512-512.

• SRIPIBOON, S., TANKAEW, P., LUNKGA, G., THITARAM, C. (2013). The occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): first case of EEHV4 in Asia.

• STANTON, J. J., CRAY, C., RODRIGUEZ, M., ARHEART, K. L., LING, P. D., & HERRON, A. (2013). Acute phase protein expression during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 viremia in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 44(3), 605-612.

• NOFS, S. A., ATMAR, R. L., KEITEL, W. A., HANLON, C., STANTON, J. J., TAN, J., … & LING, P. D. (2013). Prenatal passive transfer of maternal immunity in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 153(3), 308-311.

• ZACHARIAH, A., ZONG, J., LONG, S.Y., LATIMER, E.M., HEAGGANS, S.Y., RICHMAN, L.K., & HAYWARD, G. (2013) Fatal herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease in wild and orphan Asian elephants in Southern India, Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 49(2), 381-393

• WILKIE, G.S., DAVIDSON, A.J., WATSON, M., KERR, K., SANDERSON, S., BOUTS, T., STEINBACH, F., AND DASTJERDI,A. (2013) Complete genome sequecnes of elephant Endotheliotropic herpesviruses 1A and 1B determined directly from fatal cases, Journal of Virology, ahead of print 3 April 2013, doi: 10.1128/JVI.00655-13

• LING, P.D., REID, J.G., QIN, XIANG, MUZNY, D.M., GIBBS, R., PETROSINO, J., PENG, R.S., ZONG, J., HEAGGANS, S.Y. & HAYWARD, G.S. (2013) Complete genome sequence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1A, Genome Announcements, 1(2), 1-2

• ATKINS, L., ZONG, J.C., MEJIA, A., HEAGGANS, S.Y., NOFS, S.A., STANTON, J.J., FLANAGAN, J.P., HOWARD, L., LATIMER, E., STEVENS, M.R., HOFFMAN, D.S., HAYWARD, G.s., & LING, P.D. (2013) Elephant Endotheliotropic herpesvirus 5, a newly recognized elephant herpesvirus associated with clinical and subclinical infections in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44(1), 136-143

• STANTON, J.J., ZONG, J.C., ENG, C., HOWARD, L., FLANAGAN, J., STEVENS, M., SCHMITT, D., WIEDNER, E., GRAHAM, D., JUNGE, R.E., WEBER, M.A., FISCHER, M., MEJIA, A., TAN, J., LATIMER, E., HERRON, A., HAYWARD, G.S., & LING, P.D. (2013) Kinetics of viral loads and genotypic analysis of elephant Endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44(1), 42-54

• SRIPIBOON, S., TANKAEW, P., LUNGKA, G., & THITARAM, C. (2013) The occurrence of elephant Endotheliotropic herpesvirus in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): First case of EEHV4 in Asia, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44(1), 100-104

Publications:  2012

• PEARSON VR. Finding EEHVs in Wild Kenyan Elephants. Journal of Elephant Managers Association. 2012, May-August Issue, available

• ZONG, JIAN-CHAO. LATIMER, ERIN., HEAGGANS, SARAH Y., RICHMAN, LAURA K., HAYWARD, GARY S. (2012). The proboscivirus genus: hemorrhagic desease caused by Elephant Endotheliotrpic herpesvirus. From the Hallowed Halls of Herpesvirology: A Tribute to Bernard Roizman

• STANTON, J.J., NOFS, S.A., PENG, R., HAYWARD, G.S., & LING, P.D. (2012) Development and validation of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses-2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Journal of Virological Methods 186 (1-2), 73-77

• DENK, D., STIDWORTHY, M.F., REDROBE, S., LATIMER, E., HAYWARD, G.S., CRACKNELL, J., CLAESSENS, A., STEINBACH, F., McGOWAN, S., & DASTJERDI, A. (2012) Fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 5 infection in a captive Asian elephant, Veterinary Record 171 (15), 380-381

• BROCK, A.P., ISAZA, R., HUNTER, R.P., RICHMAN, L.K., MONTALI, R.J., SCHMITT, D.L., KOCH, D.E., & LINDSAY, W.A. (2012) Estimates of the pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and its active metabolite penciclovir in young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), American Journal of Veterinary Research 73 (12), 1996-1999

• WIEDNER, E., HOWARD, L., & ISAZA, R. (2012) Treatment of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus (EEHV). In Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 7th Edition, Eds Fowler, M.E. & Miller, R.E., 537-543

• RICHMAN, L.K. & HAYWARD, G.S. (2012) Elephant herpesviruses. In Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 7th Edition, Eds Fowler, M.E. & Miller, R.E., 496-502

• HARDMAN, K, DASTJERDI, A., GURRALA, R., ROUTH, A., BANKS, M., STEINBACH, F., & BOUTS, T. (2012) Detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 in asymptomatic elephants using TaqMan real-time PCR. Veterinary Record 170 (8), 205

• HAYWARD, G.S. (2012) Conservation:clarifying the risk from herpesvirus to captive Asian elephants. Veterinary Record, 170, 202-203

• SARIYA, L., CHATSIRIVECH, J., SUKSAI, P., WIRIYARAT, W., SONGJAENG, A., TANGSUDJAI, S.,… & CHAICHOUN, K. (2012). Development of a SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR for detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of virological methods, 185(1), 160-165.

Publications:  2011

• WIEDNER, E., L. L. HOWARD, AND R. ISAZA. 2011. Treatment of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses. In:M. Fowler (ed.). Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy. Elsevier/Saunders Co., St. Louis, Missouri. Pp. 537–543. Google Scholar

• MASTERS, N. J., STIDWORTHY, M. F., EVEREST, D. J.,
  DASTJERDI, A., & BÄULMER, S. (2011). Detection of EGHV-5 in a self-limiting papilloma-like lesion in the trunk of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Veterinary Record, 169(8), 209-209.

• WIRIYARAT, W. (2011). Diversity and virulence of herpesvirus infection in elephants. Journal of Applied Animal Science Vol, 4(1-2)
• LATIMER, E., ZONG, J.C., HEAGGANS, S.Y., RICHMAN, L.K., & HAYWARD, G.S. (2011) Detection and evaluation of novel herpesviruses in routine and pathological samples from Asian and African elephants: identification of two new probosciviruses (EEHV5 and EEHV6) and two new gammaherpesviruses (EGHV3B and EGHV5). Veterinary Microbiology 147 (1-2), 28-41

Publications:  2010

• SCHAFTENAAR, W., REID, C., MARTINA, B., FICKEL, J. & OSTERHAUS, A. D. M. E. (2010) Nonfatal clinical presentation of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus discovered in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41, 626-632

• STANTON, J. J., ZONG, J. C., LATIMER, E., TAN, J., HERRON, A., HAYWARD, G. S. & LING, P. D. (2010) Detection of pathogenic elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in routine trunk washes from healthy adult Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) by use of real-time quantitative olymerase chain reaction assay. American Journal of Veterinary Research 71, 925-933

• ZONG, J. C., LATIMER, E., HEAGGANS, S. Y., RICHMAN, L. K. & HAYWARD, G. S. (2010) Analysis of species and strain differences among elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses by gene subtyping: absence of epidemiological connections among 20 cases of EEHV1 associated with acute hemorrhagic disease in captive Asian elephants. In International Elephant Research Symposium. South Africa

Publications:  2009 ~ 2000

• GARNER, M. M., HELMICK, K., OCHSENREITER, J., RICHMAN, L. K., LATIMER, E., WISE, A. G., MAES, R. K., KIUPEL, M., NORDHAUSEN, R. W., ZONG, J. C. & HAYWARD, G. S. (2009) Clinico-pathological features of fatal disease attributed to new variants of endotheliotropic herpesvirus in two Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Veterinary Pathology 46, 97-104

• WIEDNER, E., & SCHMITT, D. L. (2009). Captive elephant medicine: recent developments. Recent Publications on Asian Elephants 50 News Briefs 61, 25.

• WELLEHAN, J. F. X., JOHNSON, A. J., CHILDRESS, A. L., HARR, K. E. & ISAZA, R. (2008) Six novel gammaherpesviruses of Afrotheria provide insight into the early divergence of the Gammaherpesvirinae. Veterinary Microbiology 127, 249-257

• CRACKNELL, J. (2007) Therapeutic protocols. London, BIAZA Elephant Health Programme

• CRACKNELL, J. ROUTH, A., FIELD, D., SCHAFTENAAR, W., HILDEBRANDT, T., & HEWITT, S. (2007) Elephant Endotheliotrophic Herpes Virus (EEHV) in the United Kingdom: An update with the development of the national EEHV management programme, In proceedings of 43rd International Symposium on Diseases of Zoo and Wild Animals, IZW, Edinburgh, 16-20th May.

• CRACKNELL, J. ROUTH, A. & FIELD, D. (2007b) Education as a tool for disease management: Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpes Virus Case Study in the UK, In Proceedings of AAZV, Knoxville, USA, 20-26th October.

• HERMES, R., GORITZ, F., STREICH, W. J. & HILDEBRANDT, T. B. (2007) Assisted reproduction in female rhinoceros and elephants – current status and future perspective. Reproduction Domestic Animals 42, 33-44

• MALUY, P. & HAWKES, N. (2007) Loss of a young Asian elephant to a newly discovered herpesvirus: An historical review of husbandry and behaviour prior to death. In 2007 International Elephant Conservation and Research Symposium. Florida, USA, 2-4th November. p 13

• EHLERS, B., DURAL, G., MARSCHALL, M., SCHREGEL, V., GOLTZ, M. & HENTSCHKE, J. (2006) Endotheliotrophic elephant herpesvirus, the first betaherpesvirus with a thymidine kinase gene. Journal of general virology 87, 2781-2789

• MCGEOCH, D. J., RIXON, F. J. & DAVISON, A. J. (2006) Topics in herpesvirus genomics and evolution. Virus Research 117, 90-104

• REID, C. E., HILDEBRANDT, T. B., MARX, N., HUNT, M., THY, N., REYNES, J. M., SCHAFTENAAR, W. & FICKEL, J. (2006) Endotheliotrophic Elephant Herpes Virus (EEHV) infection: The first PCR-confirmed case in Asia. Veterinary Quarterly 28, 61-64

• WELLEHAN, J. F. X., JOHNSON, A. J., CHILDRESS, A. L. & ISAZA, R. (2006) Identification of two novel herpesviruses associated with ocular inflammation in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). In Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Tampa. p 173

• HILDEBRANDT, T. B., HERMES, R., RATANAKORN, P., RIETSCHEL, W., FICKEL, J., FREY, R., WIBBELT, G., REID, C. & GORITZ, F. (2005) Ultrasonographic assessment and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Vet Record 157, 544-548

• SCHAFTENAAR, W. & MENSINK, J. M. C. H. (2005) The use of famciclovir with and without proper indications. In Verh. ber. Erkrg. Zootiere. pp 100-104

• FICKEL, J., LIECKFELDT, D., RICHMAN, L. K., STREICH, W. J., HILDEBRANDT, T. B. & PITRA, C. (2003) Comparison of glycoprotein B (gB) variants of the elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) isolated from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Veterinary Microbiology 91, 11-21

• ISAZA, R., HUNTER, R. P., RICHMANN, L. K., MONTALI, R. J., SCHMITT, D., KOCH, D. E. & LINDSAY, W. A. (2003) Famciclovir pharmacokinetics in young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). In Proceedings of American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Minneapolis. pp 82-83

• EHLERS, B., BURKHARDT, S., GOLTZ, M., BERGMANN, V., OCHS, A., WEILER, H. & HENTSCHKE, J. (2001) Genetic and ultrastructural characterization of a European isolate of the fatal endotheliotrophic elephant herpesvirus. Journal of General Virology 82, 475-482

• FICKEL, J., RICHMAN, L. K., MONTALI, R. J., SCHAFTENAAR, W., GORITZ, F., HILDEBRANDT, T. B. & PITRA, C. (2001) A variant of the endotheliotrophic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in European zoos. Veterinary Microbiology 82, 2001

• HILDEBRANDT, T. B., FICKEL, J., GORITZ, F., RIETSCHEL, W., LIEKFELDT, D., MONTALI, R. J., RICHMAN, L. K. & RATANAKORN, P. (2001) Survey on presence of the endotheliotrophic elephant herpesvirus (EEHV) in Thai camp elephants. In Proceedings of AAZV, ARAV, NAZWV joint conference. Florida. pp 183-184

• MONTALI, R. J., RICHMAN, L. K., MIKOTA, S. K., SCHMITT, D., LARSEN, R. S., HILDEBRANDT, T. B., ISAZA, R. & LINDSAY, W. A. (June 7-11th, 2001) Management aspects of herpesvirus infections and tuberculosis in elephants. In A research update on elephants and rhinos. Vienna, Austria. pp 87-95

• RYAN, S. J. & THOMPSON, S. D. (2001) Disease risk and inter-institutional transfer of specimens in cooperative breeding programs: Herpes and the elephant species survival plans. Zoo Biology 20, 89-101

• SCHAFTENAAR, W., MENSINK, J. M. C. H., DE BOER, A. M., HILDEBRANDT, T. B. & FICKEL, J. (2001) Successful treatment of a subadult Asian elephant bull (Elephas maximus) infected with the endotheliotrophic elephant herpes virus. In 40th Verh.ber. Erkrg.Zootiere. pp 141-146

• RICHMAN, L. K., MONTALI, R. J., CAMBRE, R. C., SCHMITT, D., HARDY, D., HILDEBRANDT, T. B., BENGIS, R. G., HAMZEH, F. M., SHAHKOLAHI, A. & HAYWARD, G. S. (2000a) Clinical and pathological findings of a newly recognised disease of elephants caused by endotheliotrophic herpesviruses. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36, 1-12

• RICHMAN, L. K., MONTALI, R. J. & HAYWARD, G. S. (2000b) Review of a newly recognized disease of elephants caused by endotheliotrophic herpesviruses. Zoo Biology 19, 383-392

• SCHMITT, D., HARDY, D., MONTALI, R. J., RICHMAN, L. K., LINDSAY, W. A., ISAZA, R. & WEST, G. (2000) Use of famciclovir for the treatment of endotheliotrophic herpesvirus infectionos in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31, 518-522

Publications:  1999 ~ 1971

• RICHMAN, L. K., MONTALI, R. J., GARBER, R. L., KENNEDY, M. A., LEHNHARDT, J., HILDEBRANDT, T. B., SCHMITT, D., HARDY, D., ALCENDOR, D. J. & HAYWARD, G. S. (1999) Novel endotheliotrophic herpesvirus fatal for Asian and African elephants. Science 283, 1171-1176

• BURKHARDT, S., HENTSCHKE, J., WEILER, H., EHLERS, B., OCHS, A., WALTER, J., WITTSTATT, U. & GOLTENBOTH, R. (1999) [Elephant herpes virus–a problem for breeding and housing of elephants]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 112, 174-179

• NARAYANA BHAT, M., MANICKAM, R. & KUMANAN, K. (1997) Serological evidence of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 2 in Asian elephants. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33, 919-920

• RICHMAN, L. K., MONTALI, R. J., CAMBRE, R. C., LEHNHARDT, J., KENNEDY, M. A., KANIA, S. & POTGIETER, L. (1996) Endothelial inclusion body disease: A newly recognized fatal herpes-like infection in Asian elephants. In Proceedings of American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Mexico. pp 483-485

• FENNER, F. J., GIBBS, E. P. J., MURPHY, F. A., ROTT, R., STUDDERT, M. J. & WHITE, D. O. (1993) Veterinary Virology. London, Academic Press

• METZLER, A. E., OSSENT, P., GUSCETTI, F., RUBEL, A. & LANG, E. M. (1990) Serological evidence of herpesvirus infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26, 41-49

• OSSENT, P., GUSCETTI, F., METZLER, A. E., LANG, E. M., RUBEL, A. & HAUSER, B. (1990) Acute and fatal herpesvirus infection in a young Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Veterinary Pathology 27, 131-133

• PILASKI, J., HENTSCHKE, J., SINN< D., FRANCKE, R., ROSENBRUCH, M., OLDERDING, P., & MÖLLE, G. (1988) Two virus diseases of different aetiology in Asian elephants in a small travelling circus, Erkrankungen der Zootiere 30: 263-269

• JACOBSON, E. R., SUNDBERG, J. P., GASKIN, J. M., KOLLIAS, G. V. & O’BANION, M. K. (1986) Cutaneous papillomas associated with a herpesvirus-like infection in a herd of captive African elephants. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 189, 1075-1078

• BASSON, P. A., MCCULLY, R. M., DE VOS, V., YOUNG, E. & KRUGER, S. P. (1971) Some parasitic and other natural diseases of the African elephant in the Kruger National Park. Onderstepoort Journal Veterinary Research 38, 239-254

• MCCULLY, R. M., BASSON, P. A., PIENAAR, J. G., ERASMUS, B. J. & YOUNG, E. (1971) Herpes nodules in the lung of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Onderstepoort Journal Veterinary Research 38, 225-235